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Key facts |
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| Foundation |
| Date Founded |
520 BCE |
Place Founded |
Northeastern Indi |
| Founder |
Siddharta Gautama
("the Buddha") |
Adherents |
360 million |
| Major Sects |
Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana |
| Main Locations |
China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia
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| Sacred Objects, Rituals and Locations |
| Sacred texts |
Pali Canon (Tripitaka), numerous Mahayana sutras |
| Original language |
Pali |
| Spiritual leaders |
Monk (lama in Tibetan Buddhism) |
| Place of worship |
Temple, meditation hall. |
| Holidays |
Vary by region, but often include Buddha's birthday, Buddha's enlightenment, lunar quarters |
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| Fundamental philosophy |
| Theism ("god") |
Theravada is atheistic; Mahayana is more polytheistic. |
| Ultimate reality |
Nothing is permanent |
| Human nature |
There is no self or soul. Human existence is nothing more than a combination of
five impermanent components (khandas). |
| Purpose of life |
Theravada - Become an arhat, escape the cycle of rebirth, and attain nirvana. Mahayana - Become a boddhisatva then help others attain enlightenment. |
| How to live |
Saturday (Shabbat/Sabbath) |
| Afterlife |
Rebirth or nirvana. Nirvana is seen simply as the cessation of suffering by some and as a heavenly paradise by others. |
| Cosmology |
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| Laws and commandments |
| Three Jewels/Three Refuges |
1. The Buddha
2. The sangha (monastic community)
3. The dharma (truth or teachings) |
| Three Delusions: |
1. Ignorance
2. Desire
3. Anger or hatred |
| Three Trainings: |
1. Moral discipline
2. Concentration
3. Wisdom |
| Three Marks of Existence: |
1. Impermanence (anicca)
2. Unsatisfactoriness (dukkha)
3. No-self (anatta) |
| Four Noble Truths: |
1. All of life is marked by suffering.
2. Suffering is caused by desire and attachment.
3. Suffering can be eliminated.
4. Suffering is eliminated by following the Noble Eightfold Path. |
| Four Immeasurables or Sublime States: |
1. Equanimity (upekkha)
2. Loving-kindness (metta)
3. Compassion (karuna)
4. Sympathetic joy (mudita) |
| Four Reminders: |
1. Human life is precious.
2. Death is inevitable.
3. The laws of karma cannot be avoided.
4. Suffering permeates all existence. |
| Four Bodhisattva Vows: |
1. I vow to rescue the boundless living beings from suffering.
2. I vow to put an end to the infinite afflictions of living beings.
3. I vow to learn the measureless Dharma-doors.
4. I vow to realise the unsurpassed path of the Buddha. |
| Five Precepts: |
1. Do not kill.
2. Do not steal.
3. Do not engage in sexual misconduct.
4. Do not lie.
5. Do not use intoxicants. |
| Five Powers: |
1. Faith and confidence
2. Energy and effort
3. Mindfulness
4. Samadhi
5. Wisdom |
| Five Hindrances: |
1. Sense craving
2. Anger or ill will
3. Sloth and torpor
4. Restlessness and worry
5. Doubt and the inner critic |
| Five Dhyani (Wisdom) Buddhas: |
Vairochana
Akshobhya
Ratnasambhava>
Amoghasiddhi |
| Six Perfections: |
1. Concentration
2. Effort
3. Ethical behavior
4. Generosity
5. Patience
6. Wisdom |
| Six Realms of Existence: |
1. Hell-beings
2. Hungry ghosts
3. Animals
4. Humans
5. Anti-gods or demigods
6. Gods |
| Noble Eightfold Path: |
1. Right beliefs
2. Right aspirations
3. Right speech
4. Right conduct
5. Right livelihood
6. Right effort
7. Right mindfulness
8. Right meditational attainment |
| Ten Paramita: |
1. Giving or generosity
2. Virtue, ethics, morality
3. Renunciation, letting go, not grasping
4. Wisdom and insight
5. Energy, vigour, vitality, diligence
6. Patience or forbearance
7. Truthfulness
8. Resolution, determination, intention
9. Kindness, love, friendliness
10. Equanimity |
Twelve Links of
Dependent Arising: |
1. Ignorance
2. Karmic formations
3. Consciousness
4. Name and form
5. Six senses
6. Contact
7. Feeling
8. Craving
9. Grasping
10. Becoming
11. Birth
12. Aging and Death |
| 35 Buddhas of Confession: |
Shakyamuni, Vajragarbhapramardin, Ratnarchis, Nageshvararaja, Viresena, Viranandin, Ratnagni, Ratnachandraprabha, Amoghadarshin, Ratnachandra, Vimala, Shuradatta, Brahman, Brahmadatta, Varuna, Varunadeva, Bharadrashri, Chandashri, Anantaujas, Prabhasashri Ashokashri, Narayana, Kusumashri Brahmajyotirvikriditabhijna, Padmamajyotirvikriditabhijna, Dhanashri, Smritishri, Suparikirtitanamashri, Indraketudhvajaraja, Suvikrantashri, Yuddhajaya, Vikrantagamishri, Samantavabhasavyuhashri, Ratnapadmavikramin, Shailendraraja
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